GENUS |
SPECIES |
VARIETY |
COMMON NAME |
EVERGREEN? |
Acacias |
Acacia |
baileyana |
Purpurea |
Purpleleaf acacia |
Evergreen |
| Yellow blooms in Jan.-Feb. Common in Bay Area. Brittle wood, so tends to break apart in high winds. Not recommended. |
Acacia |
longifolia |
|
Sydney golden wattle |
Evergreen |
| Fast-growing, quick screen. Tolerates bad soil. Yellow flowers in late winter. Sends up suckers from roots. Short-lived. Not recommended. |
Acacia |
melanoxylon |
|
Blackwood acacia |
Evergreen |
| Fast-growing, upright, evergreen. Recovered from hard freezes in 90 and 98, unlike most other Acacias. Suckers somewhat. |
Alders |
Alnus |
cordata and rhomifolia |
|
Italian alder and White alder |
Deciduous |
| White alder is attacked by a clearwing borer, and there is no control for this pest. Not recommended. Italian alder appears to be resistant, but produces huge amounts of catkins and cones, so it is messy. |
Ash trees | |
Fraxinus |
species |
|
Ash trees |
Deciduous |
| Most Ash varieties have problems. Raywood gets borers, Modesto and Moraine get anthracnose blight, and all get mistletoe. Not recommended. |
Aspen--see Poplars |
Bay trees | |
Laurus |
nobilis |
|
Grecian Bay laurel |
Evergreen |
| The bay leaf used in cooking. Very versatile garden plant. Large shrub, eventually growing to 30+. Will grow in total shade, or in full sun. Drought tolerant. Very easy to keep in a pot for years. Highly recommended. |
Laurus |
X |
'Saratoga' |
hybrid Bay laurel |
Evergreen |
| Selected form of bay that has wider leaves, larger flowers (almost showy), and is fruitless. Leaf smells more pungent than L. nobilis--more like our native bay (Umbellularia). Highly recommended. |
Umbellularia |
californica |
|
California bay |
Evergreen |
| Our native bay tree, grows slowly--1/year--though eventually can get huge. Strongly aromatic leaves. Very tolerant of heat, drought. Can grow in shade. Very limited availability. |
Beech | |
Fagus |
species |
|
Beech |
Deciduous |
| Beech trees do not grow here, as they are sensitive to salts in soil and water: the leaves turn brown and the growth is stunted. Not recommended. |
Beefwood | |
Casuarina |
species |
|
Beefwood, She-oak |
Evergreen |
| Fast-growing evergreens that resemble pines and can take incredibly tough conditions: poor drainage, drought, alkalinity, wind, etc. Upright growth. This is the street tree on L Street in East Davis. Very messy: lots of pollen, and lots of litter. |
Birches | |
Betula |
alba |
|
European white birch |
Deciduous |
| Fast-growing with soft green leaves. Creates dappled shade. Never drought-tolerant. Resists borers if kept well-watered. Prune as little as possible, and never prune when borers are active (Mar. - May). |
Betula |
platyphylla japonica |
|
Japanese birch |
Deciduous |
| Fast-growing with soft green leaves. Less weeping habit than European white birch. Creates dappled shade. Never drought-tolerant. Resistant to bronze birch borer--but that isn't the borer that we have here! |
Buckeye | |
Aesculus |
californica |
|
California buckeye |
Deciduous |
| California native. Suitable for dry, native landscapes. Drops leaves in late summer, which makes it kind of odd-looking. |
Camphor | |
Cinnamomum |
camphora |
|
Camphor tree |
Evergreen |
| Slow-growing but eventually huge. New growth is bronze-colored, older leaves are light yellow-green. Bark looks black in winter. Foliage is fragrant (camphor!). Heat-tolerant. Mature trees are hard to garden under. |
Carob | |
Ceratonia |
siliqua |
|
Carob |
Evergreen |
| Pro: Very drought tolerant, with dark green shiny foliage and a very dense crown. Con: male trees smell odd; female trees produce copious amounts of pods. Somewhat surface-rooting. |
Catalpa/Chitalpa | |
Catalpa |
bignonioides |
|
Catalpa |
Deciduous |
| Fast growing with tropical looking leaves, showy flowers. Subject to limb-breakage in windy areas. Very drought tolerant. Availability limited. |
Chilopsis |
linearis |
|
Desert willow |
Deciduous |
| Moderate grower with very narrow, grey-green leaves, upright habit. Flowers all summer; very attractive to hummingbirds. Very drought tolerant. Availability very limited. |
Chitalpa |
tashkentensis |
|
Chitalpa flowers;
Chitalpa tree |
Deciduous |
| Catalpa/Chilopsis hybrid. Drought-tolerant trees with showy flowers that attract hummingbirds (and bees). Subject to a blight disease in spring. |
Cedars | |
Calocedrus |
class="it"decurrens |
|
Incense cedar |
Evergreen |
| Also sold as Libocedrus. Western native. Grows 2 a year, eventually very large. Tolerant of heat, sun, shade, poor soil. Grows as narrow column for first 10 years or so, then slowly spreads. |
Cedrus |
atlantica |
'Glauca' |
Atlas cedar |
Evergreen |
| Bluish-green needles. Grows 2 - 3 a year with unusual angular growth habit. Striking skyline tree. Many nice specimens in Stonegate in West Davis. Deep-rooted and tolerant of heat, drought, wind. |
Cedrus |
deodara |
|
Deodar cedar |
Evergreen |
| Fast growing tree, up to 5 a year. Very upright when young, then spreading at the base. Soft, feathery texture with bright green needles. Eventually very large. Very tolerant of heat, drought, wind. |
Thuja |
plicata |
Emerald Cone |
Western red cedar |
Evergreen |
| New introduction with lustrous green foliage. Grows fairly slowly to 15 - 20. Likes regular watering. Good narrow screen. |
Chaste tree | |
Vitex |
agnus-castus |
|
Chaste tree |
Deciduous |
| Light blue flowers; white form also available. Fast-growing large shrub or small tree with light green palmate leaves. Tolerates heat, drought; will grow in partial shade. |
Cherries--flowering | |
Prunus |
serrulata |
|
Japanese flowering cherry |
Deciduous |
| There are many varieties of flowering cherries. Kwanzan is especially showy, with large double pink flowers and a vase-shaped habit. Mt. Fuji white. Paint the trunk with interior white latex paint when young to prevent sunburn. All need excellent drainage. |
Prunus |
subhirtella |
Pendula |
Weeping cherry |
Deciduous |
| Very graceful weeping flowering cherry with pale pink flowers in great profusion. Give it room--20 across. Paint the trunk with interior white latex paint when young to prevent sunburn. There is a double-flowered form. Needs excellent drainage. |
Prunus |
yedoensis |
'Akebono' |
Daybreak weeping cherry |
Deciduous |
| Dramatic flowering cherry with a spreading and slightly weeping habit. Billows of soft pink, double flowers. Give it room to spread--about 15 across. Paint the trunk with interior white latex paint when young to prevent sunburn. Needs excellent drainage. |
China berry, Texas umbrella tree | |
|
Melia |
azedarach |
'Umbraculiformis' |
Texas umbrella tree |
Deciduous |
| Incredibly tough trees with attractive, shiny, divided leaves. Flowers are tiny, pretty, teal-blue (I happen to be violently allergic to them). Fruit will make you throw up. The species has an open habit; this cultivar has a very dense, umbrella-like form. Street tree on Belmont off of Loyola in East Davis. |
Citrus | |
|
Citrus |
varieties |
|
Citrus |
Evergreen |
| Citrus trees are easy to grow in full sun. Lemons and limes can take light shade. Water deeply every 1 - 2 weeks, fertilize every month or so. Most are available on dwarfing rootstocks, so they can be kept as large shrubs or small trees. Highly recommended. See our separate list about Citrus trees! |
Cottonwoods--see Poplars |
Crabapples | |
|
Malus |
X |
|
Crabapples |
Deciduous |
| Many varieties of crabapples are available: some are upright, some spreading, some very weeping. All can take heavy soil, lawn watering, or some drought. Flowers are red, pink, white. Look for fireblight resistance. |
Crape myrtles | |
|
|
| There are hundreds of varieties! The new hybrids between L. indica and L. fauriei have much greater mildew resistance than the old L. indica varieties. I wouldn't bother with any listed as 'fair' resistance. Flower color--especially 'red'-- varies by the temperature, stage of bloom, and your perception--if you want a particular color, buy it in bloom!
See our Separate list of the popular varieties of Crape myrtles! |
Cypresses | |
|
|
Cupressocyparis |
leylandii |
|
Leylandi cypress |
Evergreen |
| Grows fast for 8 - 10 years, gets bacterial canker disease, then borers, and then dies. We dont recommend this plant. Castlewellan is a golden-foliaged variety that does the same thing. |
Cupressus |
arizonica glabra |
|
Arizona cypress |
Evergreen |
| This is the open conifer you see around many farms. Too big, messy for small yards. Taylors Silver is a selected form with nice color, more compact habit when young. |
Cupressus |
sempervirens |
'Glauca' |
Italian cypress |
Evergreen |
| The classic Mediterranean formal column. Tolerant of heat, wind, poor soil, drought. Grows 3 a year. |
Taxodium |
distichum |
|
|
Deciduous |
| Bald cypresses--the classic swamp trees--do grow here. Deciduous conifers (quick! name the other three types!* of deciduous conifers!) which grow quickly with drooping branches. Needs plenty of moisture. Very rare in the nursery trade. |
Dogwoods | |
|
|
Cornus |
species |
|
Dogwoods |
Deciduous |
| These beautiful little flowering trees (C. florida, C. kousa) just don't grow here: the soil and water pH are high and the groundwater is high in dissolved salts. The leaves burn and the new growth is chlorotic. C. stolonifera, a shrub, thrives here--even in heavy soil, but doesn't have showy flowers. |
Elderberry | |
|
|
Sambucus |
nigra |
|
Elderberry |
Deciduous |
| Multitrunk large shrub or small tree. Very fast-growing. Prune hard in winter to keep short. Fruit attracts birds. Laciniata has divided leaves, Purpurea has purple-tinged leaves. Aurea has golden-green leaves. |
Elms | |
|
|
Ulmus |
parvifolia |
Drake |
Chinese elm |
Deciduous |
| Grows 4 - 5 a year, with rapid spread, becoming a beautiful semi-weeping tree. Shiny green leaves, beautiful mottled bark. Leaf litter begins in June and continues all summer, so they are very, very messy. Needs careful training and pruning to select good branch structure.
Some hybrid elms have been introduced to replace the old elms that were killed by Dutch elm disease. Very fast growing and huge. The elm leaf beetle may be a problem, and it is a real nuisance. |
Empress Tree | |
|
|
Paulownia |
tomentosa |
|
Empress tree |
Deciduous |
| Fast-growing tree with tropical-looking leaves and very showy purple flowers. We always get questions about this tree when the few specimens around town bloom (there is a prominent one on Loyola Dr. in East Davis). Weak wood causes limbs to break in the wind, and the surface roots are a nuisance. Not recommended. |
Eucalyptus (gum) trees | |
|
|
| Eucalyptus trees have become practically unavailable in recent years. Several pests have been attacking them. Some species are crowding out native trees in the Bay Area. Sudden limb drop, flammability, and high litter are other problems. Most growers find they outgrow their pots faster than they sell. |
Eucalyptus |
camaldulensis |
|
Red gum |
Evergreen |
| Reliably cold-hardy. Medium-green leaves, mottled tan trunk. Huge, very widely planted species--way too big for most yards. |
Eucalyptus |
globulus |
'Compacta' |
dwarf Blue gum |
Evergreen |
| Reliably cold hardy. Huge tree. Young leaves silver; older leaves dark green. Very messy. Compacta is bushier when young. |
Eucalyptus |
gunnii |
|
Cider gum |
Evergreen |
| Reliably cold-hardy. Green leaves, smooth green-and-tan bark. Tall and upright; not messy. |
Eucalyptus |
nicholi |
|
Peppermint or Willow gum |
Evergreen |
| Reliably cold-hardy. Very clean. Narrow blue-green leaves smell like mint. Form like a willow. Good example at the corner of Adrian and Loyola in East Davis. |
Eucalyptus |
polyanthemos |
|
Silver dollar eucalyptus |
Evergreen |
| Grown for round, silver leaves used in flower arrangements. These are juvenile foliage; if it isnt pruned, it will become 60 tree, and leaves change shape. Doesnt like soggy soil. |
Eucalyptus |
saligna |
|
Sydney Blue Gum |
Evergreen |
| Reliably cold-hardy. Medium green leaves. Relatively clean (bark sheds), very graceful. Fastest gum in the west. Availability limited. |
Eucalyptus |
sideroxylon |
Rosea |
Red ironbark |
Evergreen |
| Reliably cold-hardy. Relatively clean. One of the best-mannered gums. Rough, red bark, slim blue-green leaves. Tolerant of heat, drought, wind. |
Eucalyptus |
viminalis |
|
Red gum |
Evergreen |
| Reliably cold-hardy. Huge, very widely planted species--way too big for most yards. Messy. |
Flame trees, Goldenrain tree | |
|
|
Koelreuteria |
bipinnata |
|
Chinese flame tree |
Deciduous |
| Grows 3 - 4 per year, with divided leaves. Very tough, drought-tolerant. Yellow flowers are showy, followed by pink pods in fall. Reseeds very little. Unfortunately, availability is very limited. |
Koelreuteria |
elegans |
|
Chinese flame tree |
Deciduous |
| Grows 3 - 4 per year, with divided leaves. Very tough, drought-tolerant. Yellow flowers are showy, followed by bright pink pods in fall. Reseeds very little. This is the showy tree at the corner of Eighth and L Streets in Davis. Unfortunately, no wholesaler is presently growing this species. It is sometimes available at the UC Davis Arboretum plant sales. |
Koelreuteria |
paniculata |
|
Goldenrain tree |
Deciduous |
| Grows 3 - 4 per year, with divided leaves. Very tough, drought-tolerant. Yellow flowers are showy, followed by orange-red pods, then zillions of little seedling trees all over your yard! Box-elder bugs love them and soon you have zillions of them, too! Not recommended. See K. bipinnata. |
Fringe tree | |
|
|
Chionanthus |
retusus |
|
Chinese fringe tree |
Deciduous |
| Like a giant white lilac! Blooms with masses of small white flowers in June and July. Not common in the trade. |
Geijera (Australian willow) | |
|
|
Geijera |
parvifolia |
|
Australian willow |
Evergreen |
| Very graceful small evergreen tree with a willow-like habit. Grows 3 - 4 a year. Deep-rooted. Killed by freezing weather in 1990 and 1998, so Northern California growers discontinued it. Not available. |
Ginkgo (Maidenhair tree) |
Ginkgo |
biloba |
'Autumn Gold' |
Ginkgo fall color |
Deciduous |
| Plant selected male clones only! Female fruit smells like dog manure. Autumn Gold one of the best, with a nice pyramidal form. Beautiful fall color. No pests or diseases. There are some other varieties available: Canopy, Saratoga, etc. Grow 18 a year. Ask about availability, as only a few growers produce these. Actually a deciduous conifer; the 'leaves' are flattened needles. (quick! name the other three types!* of deciduous conifers!); |
Guava, Pineapple guava |
Feijoa |
sellowiana |
|
Pineapple guava |
Evergreen |
| A large shrub sometimes grown as a tree. Not a true guava, but fruit tastes similar. Plant named varieties for reliable fruit production. Edible flowers! Very drought tolerant. Fuzzy grey-green leaves make a nice contrast with red-leaved or shiny-leaved shrubs. Highly recommended. |
Psidium |
cattleianum |
|
Strawberry guava |
Evergreen |
| Slow-growing tree with beautiful bark, shiny leaves, and tasty fruit. Vulnerable to freeze damage in severe weather events such as 1990 and 1998. P. cattleianum lucidum is the lemon guava. |
Hackberries | |
Celtis |
australis |
|
European hackberry |
Deciduous |
| Grows 5 - 7 a year, both up and out. Nice fast-growing, spreading shade tree. More open than C. sinensis. Availability limited. |
Celtis |
sinensis |
|
Chinese hackberry |
Deciduous |
| Grows 5 - 7 a year, both up and out. One of the best very fast-growing shade trees. Red berries are pretty, but do litter (though they are dry, not squishy), and seedlings will pop up here and there. Deep-rooted. Asian woolly hackberry aphid arrived in 2001, and is a nuisance; systemic insecticides can be used to manage it. |
Hawthorns | |
Crataegus |
laevigatum |
|
English hawthorn |
Deciduous |
| Pauls Scarlet has very showy rose pink flowers, very little fruit. Crimson Cloud has bright red flowers, showy red fruit. These are very pretty trees, but availability is very limited. Prone to fireblight. |
Crataegus |
phaenopyrum |
|
Washington thorn |
Deciduous |
| Masses of white flowers in spring. Shiny red fruit hangs on through fall and winter. Good in lawns. Fireblight resistant. Availability very limited. |
Hornbeams | |
Carpinus |
species |
|
European and American hornbeams |
Deciduous |
| Very tough, slow-growing, low-maintenance, and well-behaved, but not particularly interesting trees. We don't get fall color here, and the leaves hang on well into the winter so they're kind of ugly. |
Ironwood | |
Lyonothamnus |
floribundus |
asplenifolius |
Catalina ironwood |
Evergreen |
| Beautiful shiny divided green foliage, mahogany bark. Now considered frost-hardy here. Nice group in the UCD Arboretum. Slow to moderate, upright grower. |
Jacaranda | |
Jacaranda |
mimosifolia |
|
Jacaranda |
Evergreen (not here!) |
| Sorry, it's too tender here to be reliable as a tree, but it will resprout from the trunk after severe cold weather. |
Larch | |
Larix |
species |
|
European and Japanese larch |
Deciduous |
| Deciduous conifers (quick! name the other three types!* of deciduous conifers). Although listed in SWG book for this climate zone, I have not seen them here. I suspect that the needles will look burnt during our hot, dry summers. |
Laurels (see also Bay Trees) |
Prunus |
caroliniana |
|
Carolina laurel cherry |
Evergreen |
| Used as a large shrub or moderate-sized tree. Shiny leaves, upright habit. Small, fragrant white flowers in spring. Small fruit attracts birds, but litter can be substantial. Subject to chlorosis (yellowing leaves), leaf spot fungus, and borers. Generally not successful here. |
Prunus |
ilicifolia |
lyonii |
Catalina cherry laurel |
Evergreen |
| Used as a large shrub or moderate-sized tree. Shiny leaves, upright habit. Masses of white flowers in spring. Cherry-sized fruit are edible but bland; birds like them, but litter can be substantial. Very drought-tolerant. Limited availability. |
Prunus |
laurocerasus, lusitanica |
|
English and Portugal laurel |
Evergreen |
| P. laurocerasus is used as a large shrub or moderate-sized trees. Shiny leaves, upright habit. Clusters of white flowers in spring are showy. Small black fruit attract birds. English laurel is fast-growing to 15'+; Portugal laurel grows much more slowly and is usually used as a shrub. |
Lilac, Wild or Mountain |
Ceanothus |
|
'Ray Hartman' |
Wild lilac |
Evergreen |
| Most Ceanothus are shrubs or ground covers, but a few species and varieties grow upright and tall enough to use as small trees. 15' + with medium blue, honey-scented flowers in spring. Great bird cover. Deep, infrequent watering in summer. |
Linden | |
Tilia |
cordata |
'Greenspire' |
Littleleaf linden |
Deciduous |
| Grows 3 - 4 a year, with a formal pyramidal growth habit, rich green foliage. Very tidy. Pretty yellow flowers in July (bees like the flowers); nice yellow fall color. Should be used more, but availability is limited. |
Locusts, Honeylocust | |
Gleditsia |
triacanthos inermis |
|
Honey locust |
Deciduous |
| Gall midge defoliates these trees from May through August, and then it drops its leaves in late September, so its not very ornamental. |
Robinia |
pseudoacacia |
'Purple Robe' |
Black locust |
Deciduous |
| Beautiful clusters of purple flowers like Wisteria in April. Branches split in windy areas. Sends up suckers, often many feet from the main plant. Good in rural areas, not close to the house. Not recommended. |
Loquat, Bronze loquat | |
Eriobotrya |
japonica, deflexa |
|
Loquat |
Evergreen |
| Subtropicals with dramatic leaves. Grow slowly to 15' (E. deflexa) or 20'+. E. japonica has very tasty fruit (only reliable if you plant grafted varieties, which aren't readily available in Northern California). Very susceptible to fireblight. |
Magnolias | |
| The traditional evergreen Magnolia (M. grandiflora) gets unsightly in this area due to the salts in our water. Some of the older species and varieties of deciduous Magnolias are listed below. New hybrid Magnolias have been introduced, some with huge flowers and some extending the color range to pale yellow and almost red. See our separate list of Magnolia varieties, and check out the web site of Monterey Bay Nursery.
All Magnolias like rich soil, moisture, and acid-type fertilizer. |
Magnolia |
denudata |
|
|
Deciduous |
| Like rich soil, moisture, acid-type fertilizer. Fragrant white flowers are tinged purple; early spring. |
Magnolia |
loebneri |
Dr. Merrill |
Magnolia |
Deciduous |
| Like rich soil, moisture, acid-type fertilizer. White flowers in great profusion in early spring. Leonard Messel is pink. |
Magnolia |
soulangeana |
|
Magnolia soulangeana in Capitol Park |
Deciduous |
| Sometimes called Tulip tree; see also Liriodendron. Like rich soil, moisture, acid-type fertilizer. Very showy blooms in February. Grows 3 a year, upright when young, and then round-headed. Many varieties available: white, pink, purple; full-sized and dwarf. Availability is often limited to the bloom period! |
Maples | |
Acer |
buergeranum |
|
Trident maple |
Deciduous |
| Bushy small tree to about 25, usually lower. Soft green foliage; bright red or orange fall color. Nice for small courtyards or patios. Prefers regular watering. |
Acer |
macrophyllum |
|
Bigleaf maple |
Deciduous |
| California native maple; grows near streams and in moist canyons. Huge tree. Looks pretty ugly in late summer. Availability limited. |
Acer |
palmatum |
many varieties available |
Japanese maple |
Deciduous |
| Fussy about soil, water quality, wind, heat....See Acer truncatum for a possible substitute. Can be grown in the right microclimate if the soil is amended heavily (as for Camellias and Azaleas) and it is fertilized monthly with an acid-type fertilizer. Hundreds of varieties. We avoid the thread-leaf ('Dissectum') types because the leaf burn is even worse on those. 'Bloodgood' is one of the best red-leaf types for this area. |
Acer |
saccharinum |
|
Silver maple |
Deciduous |
| Very fast-growing, huge tree. Aggressive roots, brittle branches, and tendency to get aphids in summer (leads to sticky drip all over everything) make it unsuitable for most residential situations. Not recommended. |
Acer |
truncatum |
|
Chinese or Purpleblow Maple |
Deciduous |
| Good substitute for Japanese maple! Small tree with attractive, shiny leaves, spreading planar growth habit. Tolerant of heat, sun, wind. Highly recommended, but availability is limited. |
Acer |
X |
several varieties available |
Hybrid maples |
Deciduous |
| A number of new hybrid maples have been introduced in recent years that are performing well in this area. Most grow moderately fast to 30 or more, and have vibrant fall color. Prefer regular irrigation; good in lawns. October Glory, Autumn Blaze Red Sunset are among the best. |
Mayten tree | |
Maytenus |
boaria |
'Green Showers' |
Chilean mayten |
Evergreen |
| Clean shiny foliage, very graceful weeping habit, like a miniature weeping willow. Suckers and very slow growth are drawbacks. An unidentified disease is causing some limb dieback on Maytens, mostly on trees that are stressed. Getting rare in the trade because it takes forever to get a saleable tree. |
Mulberries | |
Morus |
alba |
|
Fruitless mulberry |
Deciduous |
| The poster child for incorrect pruning! Very fast, providing deep shade in just a few years. Aggressive roots, dense shade make it very difficult to grow anything underneath them. Often stubbed (pollarded), which ruins the shape. Can be very attractive when pruned correctly. Mostly suitable for rural areas.
For some of the fruiting mulberries, see our fruit tree list. |
Morus |
alba |
Chaparral |
Weeping fruitless mulberry |
Deciduous |
| Dramatic weeping form with attractive, dark green leaves. Mounds up slowly to 8 - 10. Great focal point or accent. Available in bareroot season (Jan. - Mar.). |
Morus |
alba |
Teas |
Weeping fruiting mulberry |
Deciduous |
| Dramatic weeping form with attractive, dark green leaves. Mounds up slowly to 8 - 10. Produces large quantities of mild-flavored, juicy fruit (stains clothing!). Birds love the fruit. Great focal point or accent. Available in bareroot season (Jan. - Mar.). |
Myoporum | |
Myoporum |
laetum |
|
Myoporum |
Evergreen |
| Common in coastal areas and occasionally planted here, but they froze in 1990 and 1998, and are often damaged in moderately cold winters. Resprouts, but plan on having a shrub, not a tree. Availability limited. |
Oaks | |
Quercus |
agrifolia |
|
Coast Live oak |
Evergreen |
| One of our native live oaks. Grows 2 - 3 per year, with dense, hollylike foliage and a round habit. Attractive dark gray bark. Drawbacks include heavy leaf drop in spring and heavy network of fine surface roots, which make them hard to garden under. Very drought tolerant. |
Quercus |
chrysolepis |
|
Canyon Live oak |
Evergreen |
| One of our native live oaks. Grows 2 - 3 per year with shiny oval leaves and a round habit. Smooth, white bark. Drought tolerant. |
Quercus |
coccinea |
|
Scarlet oak |
Deciduous |
| Grows 3 - 4 per year. Subject to salt burn and iron chlorosis in Davis and Woodland, which make it unsightly. Not recommended. |
Quercus |
dumosa |
|
California scrub oak |
Evergreen |
| Grows 1 - 2 per year with a shrubby growth habit. Not really attractive enough for use except in a native landscape. |
Quercus |
durata |
|
Leather oak |
Evergreen |
| On the recommended list put out by Sac Municipal Utility District, but I havent seen it in Davis or Woodland. Id appreciate any feedback on this species. |
Quercus |
ilex |
|
Holly oak |
Evergreen |
| Grows 3 - 4 per year, with very attractive, rich green, holly-like leaves; round-headed tree. Heavy leaf drop in spring can be annoying. |
Quercus |
kelloggi |
|
Ca Black oak |
Deciduous |
| Grows 3 - 4 per year with large, shiny green, classic oak leaves and attractive dark bark. New growth soft pink. |
Quercus |
lobata |
|
Valley oak |
Deciduous |
| Also called California White oak. Our big native oak. Grows 3 per year, initially upright, then massively spreading. Very tolerant of drought, heat, wind. Young trees can be irrigated; dont water mature trees. Oak galls are a curiosity but harmless; the 'hopping' ones especially excite people in late summer. Highly recommended. |
Quercus |
palustris |
|
Pin oak |
Deciduous |
| Grows 3 - 4 a year. Very upright at first, then round-headed and somewhat open. Sharply lobed leaves are attractive, dark green and glossy. May have nice fall color, but unfortunately leaves then turn brown and hang on well into the winter. |
Quercus |
rubra |
|
Red oak |
Deciduous |
| Grows 3 - 4 a year, with a spreading growth habit. New growth is red. Fall color dark red, not always reliable here. Unfortunately leaves then turn brown and hang on well into the winter. This is surprisingly ugly, or this tree would be used more. Better than Q. coccinea in Davis and Woodland. Likes good drainage, pleny of water. |
Quercus |
suber |
|
Cork oak |
Evergreen |
| Grows 3 - 4 per year, with equal spread. Small leaves are dark green, gray beneath. Corky bark is very attractive. Very drought tolerant and doesnt like lawn watering. Widely used on UC Davis campus. |
Quercus |
virginiana |
|
Southern live oak |
Deciduous |
| Grows 3 - 5 per year, eventually very broad-spreading. Smooth leaves are very long, shiny green with white reverse. Loves water; good in lawns. |
Quercus |
wislizenii |
|
Interior live oak |
Deciduous |
| One of our native live oaks. Grows 3 per year, eventually broader than tall. Glossy leaves. Gawky when young, but ultimately dense and attractive. |
Olives | |
| Interest in growing olives for oil and curing has taken off in recent years. Think about it before you plant, though--are you really going to press all that fruit? Do the multiple soaks in lye required to make olives edible? If so, Peaceful Valley Farm Supply may be able to help you. |
Olea |
europea |
'Bonita' |
Olive |
Evergreen |
| Olives take heat, wind, drought, and have a unique structure. This variety has very tiny fruit. Common allergy plant. |
Olea |
europea |
'Swan Hill' |
|
Evergreen |
| Olives take heat, wind, drought, and have a unique structure. This variety is totally fruitless, with sterile pollen. Formerly patented with limited availability, this is becoming more common in the trade. |
Olea |
europea |
'Wilsoni' |
|
Evergreen |
| This variety is nearly fruitless. Common allergy plant. |
Palms and similar trees | |
Brahea |
species |
|
Mexican blue palm & others |
Evergreen |
| Slow-growing fan palms. B. armata has striking blue-grey leaves. Three species are hardy enough to grow here. Available from specialists only. |
Butia |
capitata |
|
Pindo palm |
Evergreen |
| Slow-growing palm with grey-green feathery leaves and edible fruit. Available from specialists only. |
Phoenix |
species |
|
Date palms |
Evergreen |
| P. canariensis, Canary Island palm, is the very large, dramatic, dark green palm seen around old farmhouses. Head can spread 20', and it takes 10+ years for the trunk to get tall enough that the fronds won't be in your way. P. dactylifera, the Date palm, is just hardy enough to grow here but is rare. P. roebelenii, the Pygmy date palm, is an attractive dwarf palm that needs protection from the coldest weather; bring it in during freezing weather or put in a sheltered location. |
Trachycarpus |
fortunei |
|
Windmill palm |
Evergreen |
| Small fan palm that grows 2 a year, straight up, to about 20. Very tolerant of sun, heat, drought, wind, poor soil. Excellent palm for smaller yards, around pools. |
Cordyline |
australis |
|
Also called Dracaena australis |
Evergreen |
| Agave family. Striking accent plant which makes a dramatic silhouette. Small, fragrant flowers in late spring. Very drought tolerant. |
Livistona |
species |
|
|
Evergreen |
| Slow-growing palms that resemble Washingtonias and are hardy enough to grow here. Available from specialists only. |
Washingtonia |
spp. |
|
California and Mexican fan palms |
Evergreen |
| Grow 2 - 3 a year to 40+. The classic California palms with tall, tall trunks and a crown of fronds way up high. Very heat, sun, wind, and drought tolerant (grows faster with regular watering and feeding). |
Pears | |
Pyrus |
calleryana |
'Aristocrat' |
Aristocrat pear |
Deciduous |
| No longer recommended due to messy fruit and mistletoe. Fast-growing, upright shade trees with shiny green foliage. Moderately drought-tolerant, but also tolerate heavy soil and lawn watering. |
Pyrus |
calleryana |
'Bradford' |
Bradford pear in bloom |
Deciduous |
| The original Callery pear. Fast-growing, upright shade trees with shiny green foliage. Moderately drought-tolerant, but also tolerate heavy soil and lawn watering. White flowers in spring, wine red fall color. Newer forms have better branch angles, and are less prone to splitting. |
Pyrus |
calleryana |
'Capital' |
Callery pear |
Deciduous |
| Callery pear with very upright growth habit; excellent in narrow areas for shade and privacy. White flowers in spring, wine red fall color.Fast-growing, upright shade trees with shiny green foliage. Moderately drought-tolerant, but also tolerate heavy soil and lawn watering. |
Pyrus |
calleryana |
'Chanticleer' |
Callery pear |
Deciduous |
| Fast-growing, upright shade trees with shiny green foliage. Moderately drought-tolerant, but also tolerate heavy soil and lawn watering. New form with better branch structure than Bradford; less prone to splitting. |
Pyrus |
calleryana |
'Cleveland Select' |
Callery pear |
Deciduous |
| Fast-growing, upright shade trees with shiny green foliage. Moderately drought-tolerant, but also tolerate heavy soil and lawn watering. New form with better branch structure than Bradford; less prone to splitting. White flowers in spring, wine red fall color. Other new varieties include Redspire, Trinity, Glens Form. White flowers in spring, wine red fall color. |
Pyrus |
kawakami |
|
Evergreen pear |
Deciduous |
| Grows 2 - 3 a year, with equal spread to height. White flowers in late winter; one of the first trees to bloom in Northern California. Very prone to fireblight and leaf-spot fungus! Not recommended. Nearly evergreen here. |
Pepper tree | |
Schinus |
molle |
|
California pepper |
Evergreen |
| Shiny fern-like green foliage is very pretty. Red berries useful in dried flower arrangements and wreaths. Incredibly drought-tolerant. Too messy for small yards.Tends to split in windy areas. Good in rural areas. |
Pines | |
Pinus |
canariensis |
|
Canary Island pine |
Evergreen |
| Fast, upright grower with soft, drooping needles. New growth powdery blue. Tolerates drought, heat, wind, lawn watering. Damaged in 1990 (needles froze) but recovered. Narrow habit makes it one of the most useful pines. |
Pinus |
contorta |
|
Shore pine |
Evergreen |
| Doesnt like extreme heat; give afternoon shade here. Pyramidal shape when young, then spreading and asymmetric. This is the windswept-looking pine on Northern California coast. Nice in Asian-style gardens. |
Pinus |
densiflora |
'Tanyosho' |
Japanese red pine |
Evergreen |
| Doesnt like extreme heat; give afternoon shade here. Makes a unique, flat-topped tree. Bears cones early. Good for bonsai or as specimen plant in Asian-style gardens. |
Pinus |
halepensis |
|
Aleppo pine |
Evergreen |
| Fast-growing with soft needles, upright habit, brushy appearance. Tolerates heat, drought, wind. Unirrigated examples can be seen North of the Veterinary Hospital at U.C. Davis. Too big for most residential areas, but good windbreak for rural properties. Nursery specimens tend to be very rootbound. |
Pinus |
mugo |
mugo |
Mugho pine |
Evergreen |
| These pines are shrubs. Pumilio is another reliably dwarf selection. Grows 3 - 6 per year, forming a little pine shrub. Can be thinned or shaped. To keep small, pinch out the central candles as they emerge in Feb. - March. Prefers regular but infrequent watering. |
Pinus |
nigra |
|
Austrian Black pine |
Evergreen |
| Grows 2 - 3 per year, with a strong pyramidal shape. Size and shape can be controlled by pruning out the central 'candles' in the early spring. Stiff, dark green needles. Tolerates heat, wind, drought; also good in lawns. Excellent for living Christmas tree. |
Pinus |
pinea |
|
Italian Stone pine |
Evergreen |
| Grows 3 - 4 per year, with unusual spreading habit. Eventually very broad, flat-topped. Tolerates heat, wind, drought. Way too big for most residential areas, and needs careful training to make sure limbs dont collapse. Good examples South of Vet Hospital at UC Davis. |
Pinus |
roxburghi |
|
Chir pine |
Evergreen |
| Beautiful tree, with some specimens in the UC Davis Arboretum, but not common in the trade. Long, drooping needles are bright light green. Tolerates heat, drought, wind; also good in lawns. Rare. |
Pinus |
sabiniana |
|
Gray, Foothill, Digger pine |
Evergreen |
| Our native pine in the coast range and the lower foothills. Can grow 5 - 6 per year with an open, spreading habit. Very tolerant of heat, wind, drought. Not common in the nursery trade. |
Pinus |
sylvestris |
|
Scotch pine |
Evergreen |
| Grows 3 a year, with a perfect pyramidal shape for many years. Dense, short needles are dark blue-green. Very attractive garden plant. Size and shape can be controlled by pruning out the central 'candles' in the early spring. Tolerant of heat, wind, drought, but also good in lawns. Excellent living Christmas tree. |
Pinus |
thunbergiana |
|
Japanese black pine |
Evergreen |
| Grows 3 - 5 per year. Starts as a pyramid, with almost equal spread to height. Eventually rather broad. Size and shape can be controlled by pruning out the central 'candles' in the early spring-- easily shaped or trained for asymmetric look used in Asian-style gardens. Classic for bonsai. Very tolerant of heat, wind, drought, but also good in lawns. |
Pistache | |
Pistacia |
chinensis |
|
Chinese pistache--fall color |
Deciduous |
| Beautiful fall color! One of our best shade trees. Grows 3 - 4 a year, with lush green foliage. Drought-tolerant, but also takes lawn watering. Female trees have showy berries which attract birds, but some people object to the litter (they are dry, not squishy). Selected male form Keith Davey is occasionally available.
P. atlantica, Mt. Atlas pistache, is used as a rootstock for Chinese pistache and Pistachio nut trees. There is a notable specimen across the driveway from our nursery entrance. No fall color and heavy seed litter make this less desirable. |
Plums--flowering | |
Prunus |
blireiana |
|
Blirieana plum |
Deciduous |
| Plum with red leaves in spring, turning dark green in summer. Very little or no fruit. Earliest tree to bloom in spring, with pale pink flowers in February. Grows 3 - 4 a year to about 25. Upright when young, eventually spreading. |
Prunus |
cerasifera |
'Krauter Vesuvius' |
'Krauter Vesuvius' foliage color |
Deciduous |
| Plum with red leaves that stay burgundy through the summer. Usually very light fruit production. Grows 2 - 3 a year to about 15 with equal spread. |
Prunus |
cistena |
|
dwarf Red-leaf plum |
Deciduous |
| Leaves come out bright red in spring, turning to burgundy in summer. Nice white flowers in March. Naturally grows as large shrub, but some growers train it up as a single-trunked tree. |
Pomegranates | |
Punica |
granatum |
'Calif. Sunset' |
flowering Pomegranate |
Deciduous |
| All pomegranates are large shrubs which can be trained as trees. They tolerate heat, wind, drought, poor soil. Great choice for west exposure. This one has large double cream-and-coral striped flowers, no fruit. |
Punica |
granatum |
'Nochi Shibari' |
flowering Pomegranate |
Deciduous |
| Large, dark red double flowers, no fruit. |
Punica |
granatum |
'Toyosho' |
flowering Pomegranate |
Deciduous |
| Large, double apricot flowers, no fruit. |
Punica |
granatum |
'Wonderful' |
Pomegranate |
Deciduous |
| This is the standard commercial variety. Grenada is a sport which ripens a month earlier. Sweet has pink, sweet fruit that isnt tart (or very flavorful). Several new varieties have come on the market. See our fruit tree list. |
Poplars, Cottonwoods, Aspen | |
Populus |
species |
|
|
Deciduous |
| Very fast-growing trees with numerous drawbacks. Weak wood splits in the wind. All are subject to borers and various leaf diseases. Most have very aggressive roots. Poplars and cottonwoods are only suitable in rural locations, far from irrigation and leach lines. Aspens are short-lived here. |
Privets | |
Ligustrum |
species |
|
Japanese and Glossy privets |
Evergreen |
| Fast growing small trees with shiny leaves that were widely planted in Davis in the '60's and '70's, much to the delight of countless birds that have distributed the seeds freely! Messy fruit and loads of pollen make these undesirable. |
Redbuds | |
Cercis |
canadensis |
|
Eastern redbud |
Deciduous |
| Beautiful magenta flowers in March. Prefers summer watering; o.k. in lawns. Burns if it gets hot afternoon sun. Forest Pansy has unusual purple foliage. Oklahoma has thicker leaves that are more heat-resistant. |
Cercis |
occidentalis |
|
Western redbud--foliage; flowers |
Deciduous |
| Grows as large shrub or small multitrunked tree. Beautiful magenta flowers in March, and distinctive grey-green foliage. Nice plantings in the UC Davis Arboretum. Very drought-tolerant and prefers limited summer irrigation. |
Redwoods and relatives |
Metasequoia |
glyptostroboides |
|
Dawn Redwood (shown in spring) |
Deciduous |
| Unique deciduous conifer (quick! name the other three types!* of deciduous conifers!); very graceful, narrow tree shaped like a coast redwood. Not drought-tolerant. Makes a light shade. Good in groves. Should be used more, but availability is limited. |
Sequoia |
sempervirens |
'Aptos Blue' |
Coast redwood |
Evergreen |
| Coast redwoods grow fast and upright; 3x height to spread. Can be pruned. Never drought-tolerant; like lawn watering but eventually shade out the lawn. This variety has blue-green foliage, dense growth. |
Sequoia |
sempervirens |
'Los Altos' |
Coast redwood |
Evergreen |
| Dark green, dense growth. |
Sequoia |
sempervirens |
Santa Cruz |
Coast redwood |
Evergreen |
| Bright green, ferny foliage on this variety burns in dry winds; choose other varieties here. |
Sequoia |
sempervirens |
Simpsons Silver |
Coast redwood |
Evergreen |
| Silver-blue foliage, somewhat open growth habit. |
Sequoia |
sempervirens |
'Soquel' |
Coast redwood; older grove |
Evergreen |
| Medium green, dense growth. The most widely planted form. |
Sequoia |
sempervirens |
'Woodside' |
Coast redwood |
Evergreen |
| Silver-green foliage. |
Sequoiadendron |
giganteum |
|
Giant Sequoia |
Evergreen |
| Grows fairly slowly with very upright habit. A disease causes dieback on this side of the valley, and there is no control for it, so we dont recommend planting here. |
Rose of Sharon | |
Hibiscus |
syriacus |
many vars available |
Rose of Sharon |
Deciduous |
| Large shrub or small tree with showy Hibiscus-like flowers all summer. Very tough, easy to grow. Can take light shade or full sun, drought, poor soil. May reseed. Gets aphids, but also a common nesting site for green lacewings which eat the aphids. |
Silk oak | |
Grevillea |
robusta |
|
Silk oak |
Evergreen |
| Fast-growing, upright tree with shiny leaves and pretty orange flowers in early spring. Heavy leaf drop in spring. Easily damaged by wind. Ok for a quick screen in rural areas. |
Silk tree | |
Albizia |
julibrissin |
|
Silk tree |
Deciduous |
| Grows 3 - 4 per year, with fern-like, finely divided leaves. Graceful, spreading growth habit. Very tough, drought- tolerant. Pink fluffy flowers are showy, then litter all over everything. Reseeds profusely. Hard to recommend. |
Smoke tree | |
Cotinus |
coggygria |
'Royal Purple' |
purple Smoke tree |
Deciduous |
| Purple leaves and purple flowers make a striking contrast with grey or glossy-leaved plants. Very tolerant of drought and heat. Gets iron chlorosis if irrigated heavily. Very slow grower when unirrigated, can grow 2 - 3' a year if watered. |
Snowbell tree | |
Styrax |
japonicus |
|
Japanese snowbell |
Deciduous |
| Small flowering tree with profusion of white flowers in June. Strong horizontal branches create a unique look. Likes plenty of water and good drainage. Availability very limited. |
Spruces | |
Picea |
abies |
several varieties |
Norway spruce |
Evergreen |
| Dont like heavy soil, hard water, extreme dry heat; can look pretty stressed here. |
Picea |
glauca conica |
|
Dwarf Alberta spruce |
Evergreen |
| Grow very slowly: 3 a year. Give good drainage, plenty of water, some afternoon shade. Good living Christmas tree; excellent in container for many years. |
Picea |
pungens |
Glauca |
Blue spruce |
Evergreen |
| Give good drainage, plenty of water, some afternoon shade if possible. Grow 1 a year to 20 - 30, with formal pyramidal growth habit. Silvery-blue needles. Good in lawn. |
Strawberry trees | |
Arbutus |
unedo |
Compacta |
Strawberry tree |
Evergreen |
| Showy flowers and fruit, beautiful bark like madrone. Heat and drought tolerant. Grows 1 - 2 a year. Easily kept at 6 with one annual pruning. |
Arbutus |
X |
Marina |
Strawberry tree |
Evergreen |
| Showy flowers and fruit, beautiful bark like madrone. Heat and drought tolerant. Grows 2 - 3 a year. |
Sumacs | |
Rhus |
lancea |
|
African sumac |
Evergreen |
| Pros: graceful habit if trained properly, attractive shiny leaves and mahogany-colored trunk. Heat, drought-tolerant, but also good in lawns. Cons: lots of leaf litter; suckers profusely. Needs thinning to take wind. |
Rhus |
glabra, typhina |
|
Smooth and Staghorn sumacs |
Deciduous |
| Big divided leaves make a tropical effect. Spectacular fall color. Pretty berries attract birds. However, these trees sucker and spread like crazy, forming thickets! Only for rural areas. Great bird cover. |
Sweet gum | |
Liquidambar |
styraciflua |
|
Sweet gum |
Deciduous |
| Very subject to iron chlorosis and salt burn when irrigated regularly. Established trees with limited summer irrigation sometimes look acceptable in better-drained soils in South and East Davis and parts of Woodland. Otherwise, not recommended. Surface roots and spiky seed balls complete the 'thumbs down'. Great fall color, though! |
Sycamores and Plane trees | |
Platanus |
X |
'Bloodgood' |
'Bloodgood' sycamore--young |
Deciduous |
| Very fast growing shade tree. Resistant (not immune!) to anthracnose blight. Yarwood, sold in coastal areas, is resistant to powdery mildew. Nice dappled shade, usually deep rooted. Fairly high litter when mature, but one of the few very fast trees without significant drawbacks. 'Columbia' is a new variety which resists both diseases and is slowly becoming more available. Meanwhile, choose 'Bloodgood' in this area. |
Tallow tree | |
Sapium |
sebiferum |
|
Chinese tallow tree |
Deciduous |
| Aggressive surface roots when planted in lawns. Ok in dry areas (many good examples in Village Homes in West Davis). Male trees produce lots of pollen; females reseed. Please dont plant near riparian areas, as it is invasive there. We are no longer recommending this tree in most situations--too many drawbacks. Nice fall color! |
Tulip tree | |
Liriodendron |
tulipifera |
|
Tulip tree |
Deciduous |
| Grows 3 - 4 a year, with an upright habit. Foliage is yellow-green. Flowers are odd greenish yellow with orange base, look sort of like tulips. Good in lawns. Yellow fall color. Leaves may show some salt-burn, but not unsightly. Good substitute for Liquidambar in Davis, Woodland. |
Tupelo, Sour gum | |
Nyssa |
sylvatica |
|
Sour gum, Tupelo |
Deciduous |
| Popular in Sacramento because of upright growth habit and beautiful fall color. Unfortunately, hard water causes severe leaf burn, iron chlorosis in Davis and Woodland, so they arent recommended here. |
Willows | |
Salix |
matsudana |
'Tortuosa' |
Curly willow |
Deciduous |
| Huge, fast-growing tree. Twisted branches and leaves on a weeping tree. Very striking silhouette. Many drawbacks, but very graceful in its place. Branches break readily in wind, prone to borers.
Sometimes sold with aquatic plants to grow near a pond. Hack it back severely in these situations for size control. |
Salix |
species |
|
Weeping willows |
Deciduous |
| Huge, fast-growing trees with moderately to strongly weeping habits. Very striking silhouette. Many drawbacks, but very graceful. Branches brittle; prone to borers, roots are aggressive. S. babylonica is most weeping. S. babylonica 'Crispa' is the Weeping corkscrew willow. S. alba tristis has golden branches. S. blanda is blue-green.
It's hard to recommend willow trees due to the serious drawbacks. |
Zelkova | |
Zelkova |
serrata |
Village Green |
Sawleaf zelkova |
Deciduous |
| Grows 4 - 5 a year, with rapid spread, eventually making a tall, spreading tree.Shiny green leaves resemble elms. Nice clean, high-branched tree. Needs careful training and pruning to select good branch structure. Good examples are on Elmwood Drive in Davis. |
| | *The four genera of deciduous conifers are: Larix (larch), Ginkgo (Maidenhair tree), Metasequoia (Dawn redwood), and Taxodium (Bald cypress). |
|