|
Bamboo has a mixed reputation.
It intrigues, even fascinates, many people. The obvious connections to Asian art and landscaping are very important. It is perhaps the most widely used plant in the world for food, construction, etc.; although in our country it is primarily used as an ornamental landscape plant.
On the other hand, inappropriate planting of certain running species have led to bamboo's reputation as being ruinous to landscapes and impossible to eradicate.
Bamboo FAQ's
Are there any bamboos that won't run all over my yard?
Bamboo can be classed generally as runners (invasive) or clumpers (non-invasive). There are actually 6 recognized rhizome types described by how they grow and where the culms arise from them. Nevertheless, the two broader terms apply as long as you realized that a few bamboos can be classed as "open clumpers." These will spread to an area of, say, 20' in 10 - 15 years--a time frame in which a true runner could cover 1/4 acre or more if unrestricted.
My neighbor planted bamboo and I'm afraid it will invade my yard. What can I do?
Check to see if it's a runner. If it's a Phyllostachys, it runs. If it's a Bambusa, it doesn't. That covers the two most common genera of bamboos you're likely to see here, although there are many species and cultivars of both.
- Simple rule:
- If it has a flattened stem and/or a groove or ridge on the stem, it's a runner.
- If the stem is round, it's a clumper.
|
What do I do if it's a runner?
Talk to your neighbor!
Perhaps a barrier can be installed (more on that later).
Even better, perhaps it could be replaced with a non-invasive type.
Do barriers really work?
Yes, if they are correctly installed and monitored seasonally.
A barrier can be wood, metal, or very thick plastic (40 mil is the standard recommendation).
Rhizomes can get through any gap in the barrier, so proper joining is important. The barrier should be at an angle away from the bamboo. When a rhizome hits a barrier it will either turn sideways, go down under the barrier, or go up over the barrier. Rhizomes have been recorded going 4' down to get under barriers! But if it's angled outward the rhizome will always go up and can simply be snapped off when it is visible.
This is why monitoring is important! Rhizome growth begins in the spring and continues into the summer, so walking along the barrier once or twice a year may be all that is necessary.
A trench can be an effective way of making monitoring easier. The rhizomes will stick out into the trench and can be broken or cut off.
Concrete will block bamboo to some degree, but rhizomes will happily grow along the expansion joints. If the soil is moist, rhizomes can grow under concrete for short distances, or asphalt (particularly if it's got cracks in it) for surprisingly long distances.
A pond can be an effective barrier, as rhizomes will only grow a short distance into open water. Bamboo will not usually grow into dry soil, but runners can make a great deal of growth with moisture from spring rains before summer drought stops their spread.
What does bamboo want?
Plenty of water and reasonably good soil. Bamboo is not drought-tolerant.
Full sun is fine for most types; there are some exceptions. Most will also grow in moderate shade.
All types, being grasses, respond very well to nitrogen feeding, especially in the spring and summer when rhizome and culm growth occurs. Lawn food is fine.
Cold-hardiness is a major factor in deciding which to grow in Northern California. Many are tropical, tender at 32F, and some are subtropical and will show unsightly winter damage here although they may survive. On the other hand, some species grow at 10,000' in the Himalayas!
- Members of the following genera are successful here; others may be:
- Bambusa,
- Chusquea,
- Fargesia,
- Hibanobambusa,
- Otatea
- Phyllostachys,
- Pleioblastus, and
- Yushania
Does bamboo grow well in pots? In the house?
Bamboo is great in containers as long as it gets plenty of water.
It will get root-bound quickly, and will be stunted by that, but will still be very attractive. It is a classic for bonsai.
As a house plant it is less successful. It needs very bright light and is very prone to spider mites. Bamboo grown outdoors will not take the transition to indoor living well and will drop lots of leaves unless it is gradually acclimated to the lower light.
Which bamboos are best for hedges or screens?
Varieties of Bambusa multiplex. They have foliage nearly to the ground, are very dense clumps, and are from 6' to 15' tall. They can even be sheared.
Bambusa oldhami will make a tall, narrow screen, and Bambusa ventricosa (Buddha's belly) will make a big, broad screen.
Which are best for groves?
Unfortunately, runners such as Phyllostachys make the best groves because of the wider spacing of their culms. Larger-culmed clumpers such as Bambusa oldhami can eventually be thinned out for more of a "see-through" effect, but only after many years in the ground. Bambusa vulgaris has a somewhat open clump habit, and Otatea acuminata even more so.
Which bamboo are grown for shoots?
Most have edible shoots. Some are more palatable than others. Some tropical species accumulate toxins, so they need to be boiled before eating, but they are too tender to grow here anyway.
How do you cure bamboo for construction or crafts?
Slowly and under moist conditions. It splits readily in hot, dry climates. There are some species with nearly solid culms, and their wood is highly prized for construction. Commercial distributors of bamboo products are listed in the ABS Source List.
What can I plant under bamboo?
Not much, usually, unless the grove has been thinned out. The root systems are aggressive, the shade is dense, and the steady litter of culm sheaths make it hard for plants to compete. Tough rooted plants such as Mondo grass, Liriope, Nandina, Clivia (if frost protected), Aspidistra, or Ruscus might be successful.
Does bamboo die when it flowers?
Bamboo hardly ever flowers.
Sporadic flowering can occur on plants that are stressed or root-bound, and don't usually lead to death of the plant.
Gregarious flowering is the flowering of one particular clone of bamboo, which, thanks to propagation and distribution by humans, may be a worldwide event. Some of the common species of bamboo die after gregarious flowering (this has been hard on the panda population at times, as they live almost exclusively on certain types of bamboo). Phyllostachys bambusoides did this in California in the 1970's, and since most plants had come from a single source nearly all died statewide. Otatea acuminata flowered a few years ago and most clumps died. Fargesia nitida, widely planted in Europe, has been flowering for several years. The good news is that they set seed in great quantities first, so within a few years that species is readily available.
Why is bamboo so expensive?
Because it is propagated only by division (since it almost never sets seed and most don't root from cuttings), so growers can roughly double or triple their stock each year.
What are the other plants called bamboo? See below.
Bamboo chart
Notes on availability:
We stock several varieties of bamboo at any given time, mostly Bambusas and other non-invasive types in #5 cans, some runners in #5 cans, and some of the smaller runners in 4" pots.
|
GENUS |
SPECIES |
VARIETY |
COMMON NAME |
HEIGHT |
|
|
Notes about growing this species. |
|
Arthrostylidium |
sp. |
|
|
Med |
|
| Unknown; may be a Chusquea sp. |
Arundinaria |
viridistriata |
|
aka Sasa pygmaea |
Low |
|
| Runner. Extremely invasive. Cute in pots. |
Bambusa |
beecheyana |
|
Beechey's bamboo |
Very tall |
|
| Non-invasive Huge. Tender here--grows rapidly to 30' + each summer, then killed or partially killed each winter. |
Bambusa |
multiplex |
'Alphonse Karr' |
Alphonse Karr hedge |
Tall |
|
| Non-invasive One of the best bamboos for the average yard. 10 - 12' tall, with beautiful striped stems. Highly recommended. |
Bambusa |
multiplex |
'Fernleaf' |
Fernleaf Hedge |
Med |
|
| Non-invasive. Very nice small bamboo for accent plant. The best for small yards. Sometimes reverts to straight B. multiplex. Highly recommended. |
Bambusa |
multiplex |
'Golden Goddess' |
Golden Goddess hedge |
Med |
|
| Non-invasive. The standard hedge bamboo. We can't seem to get this one from our wholesalers without the coastal scale insect. This insect doesn't usually overwinter, but it does draw ants during the first season until the scale dies out. |
Bambusa |
multiplex |
'Riviereorum' |
Chinese Goddess hedge |
Med |
|
| Non-invasive Smaller version of Golden Goddess. |
Bambusa |
multiplex |
'Silverstripe' |
Silverstripe Hedge |
Tall |
|
| Non-invasive Taller than, but similar to, Golden Goddess, except the leaves have white stripes. Good tall hedge.. |
Bambusa |
oldhami |
|
Oldham's giant timber |
Very tall |
|
| Non-invasive.Very tall, fast-growing. Tight clumps. Damaged in 1990 and 1998, but recovered quickly. The best timber bamboo for this area. |
Bambusa |
textilis |
|
Weaver's bamboo |
Tall |
|
| Non-invasive. |
Bambusa |
tuldoides |
|
Punting Pole bamboo |
Tall |
|
| Non-invasive.. Very graceful, tall, slender. Availability very limited. |
Bambusa |
ventricosa |
|
Buddha's belly |
Tall |
|
| Non-invasive, but big! A truly beautiful bamboo when grown in the ground, with big, green, glossy leaves. When it is intentionally stunted it develops swollen nodes. One of the best in Northern California for a fast, dense screen that looks good in the winter. Highly recommended. |
Bambusa |
vulgaris |
'Vittata' |
striped Common bamboo |
Tall |
|
| Non-invasive. Beautiful striped stems. Forms an open clump, with the canes visible. Needs protection in the first winters in the Sacramento Valley, but hardy after 1 - 2 winters. Highly recommended, but rare in the trade. |
Chimonobambusa |
marmorea |
'Variegata' |
Marbled bamboo |
Tall |
|
| Runner |
ChimonoBambusa |
quadrangularis |
|
Squarestem bamboo |
Tall |
|
| Runner. Odd, because it initiates shoots in the fall or winter, which limits invasiveness even though these are runners. Culms are square on mature plants. |
Chusquea |
aff. culeo |
|
|
Tall |
|
| Non-invasive. Open clumper. The taxonomy of this plant is not clear. The shoots are red, the culms are light and dark green. It branches, so it forms a dense, leafy plant. The clumps are open. |
Chusquea |
breviglumis |
|
see C. aff. culeo |
Tall |
|
| Non-invasive |
Chusquea |
coronalis |
|
|
Tall |
|
|
Non-invasive; tender until established, so protect it when it is young. The ABS Source List describes it as possibly the most beautiful bamboo in cultivation. Soft green leaves and a nice weeping habit. Great container plant. |
Chusquea |
pittieri |
|
|
Tall |
|
| Non-invasive; tender until established. ABS: the culms grow up, then arch over or hang down or climb on trees. The largest of the genus. Makes a soft, weeping plant. Great in containers. |
Dendrocalamus |
sp. |
|
|
Tall |
|
| Incredible, huge culms, but too tender to grow here (D. asper might succeed). |
Drepanostachyum |
falcatum |
|
|
Tall |
|
| see Himalayacalamus hookerianus |
Drepanostachyum |
hookerianum |
|
|
Tall |
|
| see Himalayacalamus falconeri f. Damarapa |
Drepanostachyum |
sengteeanum |
|
|
Tall |
|
| sold as D. falconeri |
Fargesia |
dracocephala |
|
Dragon's Head |
Tall |
|
| Non-invasive. Small leaves. Very cold hardy. Seems to get leaf burn if in too much sun or dry wind. |
Fargesia |
fungosa |
'Chocolate' |
|
Tall |
|
| Non-invasive |
Fargesia |
|
'Maroon' |
|
Tall |
|
| Non-invasive |
Fargesia |
murielae |
|
Umbrella Bamboo |
Tall |
|
| Non-invasive. ABS: Grows at above 10,000 feet in China, important Panda food. Very cold hardy. |
Fargesia |
nitida |
|
Fountain bamboo |
Tall |
|
| Non-invasive. Looks delicate, grows slowly. Prefers some shade. Dark purplish culms. Very cold hardy. |
Gaoligongshania |
megalothyrsa |
|
|
Tall |
|
| Non-invasive; not much known about this bamboo. |
Hibanobambusa |
tranquillans |
|
green-leaved form |
Tall |
|
| Runner. |
Hibanobambusa |
tranquillans |
'Shiroshima' |
|
Tall |
|
| Runner. ABS: strikingly attractive leaves variegated in cream and green. Great container plant. |
Himalayocalamus |
falconeri |
'Damarapa' |
Candy-stripe bamboo |
Tall |
|
| Non-invasive |
Himalayocalamus |
hookerianus |
|
Himalayan Blue bamboo |
Tall |
|
| Non-invasiveBlue-green leaves, tight clumping habit. |
Indocalamus |
tesselatus |
|
|
Low |
|
| Runner |
Otatea |
acuminata |
aztecorum |
Mexican weeping bamboo |
Tall |
|
| Non-invasive. Prefers afternoon shade. Large, open clump. Very graceful....a real accent in the landscape, but give it room. |
Phyllostachys |
aurea |
|
Golden bamboo |
Tall |
|
| Runner. The most widely planted bamboo in California, and what most people think of as bamboo. Great in containers. |
Phyllostachys |
aurea |
'Koi' |
Golden bamboo |
Tall |
|
| Runner. |
Phyllostachys |
aureosulcata |
|
Yellowgroove bamboo |
Tall |
|
| Runner |
Phyllostachys |
aureosulcata |
var. alata |
|
Tall |
|
| Runner. Greengroove instead of yellow. |
Phyllostachys |
bambusoides |
'Castillon' |
Japanese timber bamboo |
Tall |
|
| Runner. Regular P. bambusoides was widely planted in California. In the 1970's it all flowered and most died. |
Phyllostachys |
bissettii |
|
|
Tall |
|
| Runner |
Phyllostachys |
dulcis |
|
Sweetshoot bamboo |
Tall |
|
| Runner |
Phyllostachys |
heterocycla |
pubescens |
Moso |
Tall |
|
| Runner. Very widely grown around the world for wood, shoots. Apparently not happy in hot, dry climates. |
Phyllostachys |
mannii |
|
Beautiful bamboo |
Tall |
|
| Runner. Common name is Beautiful Bamboo. This bamboo's botanical name is unclear; sometimes sold as P. mannii 'Decora' Very tolerant of heat, drought, cold. |
Phyllostachys |
nigra |
|
Black bamboo |
Tall |
|
| Runner. Very sensitive to salts in water; gets very unsightly leaf burn so it is not recommended. 'Bory' and 'Henon' are two selected forms available. |
Phyllostachys |
praecox |
|
|
Tall |
|
| Runner. Very sensitive to salts in water; gets leaf burn |
Phyllostachys |
violascens |
|
|
Tall |
|
| Runner. ABS: Culms blackish-violet at first, sometimes striped wth violet. Sheaths deep purple. |
Phyllostachys |
viridis |
|
|
Tall |
|
| Runner |
Phyllostachys |
viridis |
'Robert Young' |
|
Tall |
|
| Runner |
Pleioblastus |
akebono |
|
|
Low |
|
| Runner. Usually sold as Arundinaria. |
Pleioblastus |
argenteostriatus |
|
|
Low |
|
| Runner. Usually sold as Arundinaria |
Pleioblastus |
chino |
'Murakamiensis' |
|
Low |
|
| Runner. Usually sold as Arundinaria |
Pleioblastus |
distichus |
|
Dwarf fernleaf |
Low |
|
| Runner. Usually sold as Arundinaria. Not to be confused with B. multiplex 'Fernleaf'! |
Pleioblastus |
fortunei |
|
Dwarf whitestripe |
Low |
|
| Runner. Also sold as P. variegatus. |
Pleioblastus |
gramineus |
|
|
Low |
|
| Runner. Usually sold as Arundinaria. |
Pleioblastus |
viridistriatus |
|
Dwarf greenstripe |
Low |
|
| Runner. |
Pseudosasa |
japonica |
var. tsutsumiana |
Green Onion bamboo |
Low |
|
| Runner. Swollen culm internodes are the reason for the common name. |
Sasa |
palmata |
var. nebulosa |
|
|
|
| Runner. Very invasive. |
Sasaella |
masamuniana |
albostriata |
|
|
|
| Runner. Very invasive. Large, thick leaves are striped green and white. Very striking in containers. |
Semiarundinaria |
fastuosa |
|
Narihira bamboo |
|
|
| Runner. |
Shibatea |
kumasaca |
|
|
Med |
|
| Runner. Subject to leaf burn in alkaline soil |
Sinobambusa |
tootsik |
'Variegata' |
|
Med |
|
| Runner |
Thamnocalamus |
aristatus |
|
|
Med |
|
| Non-invasive alpine native. Native to the Himalayas, where it grows above 10,000 feet. |
Thamnocalamus |
tessellatus |
|
|
Med |
|
| Non-invasive South African native. |
Yushania |
anceps |
|
formerly Arundinaria anceps |
|
|
| Wide clumpers that spread, but not invasively. ABS: One of the beautiful mountain bamboos from the Indian Himalayas. |
Availability of bamboo
We have a very limited number of bamboo plants in stock at the nursery at any time.
Two of our wholesalers carry bamboo on a regular basis. Their availability is also limited, and changes rapidly. We order from each of them about once a month, and can check with them when we order about what is available. Unfortunately, even if they indicate something is available now, it may not be when we order. They dont usually list bamboo on their availability lists, so we ask the sales representatives during the week.
We are happy to take bamboo special orders on a long-term basis. We can ask our growers if they are propagating the variety you are interested in and when they expect that it might be available. We cant promise that a particular bamboo will be available in any particular time frame, but wed be happy to contact you when it does become available.
- Why is availability so limited?
Bamboo is considered a specialty plant by regular wholesale growers, who usually dont know much about it. It is mostly grown by specialists or hobbyists. Demand always greatly exceeds supply.
- How do I make a bamboo hedge?
Three ways:
You spend a lot of money to buy several plants of a clumping type (if you can get them), and put them close together.
Or you buy a few plants and put them in the ground, then dig them up every year and divide them into 2 4 new plants each, replanting these about 3 4 apart.
Or you plant running bamboo, and figure out a way to keep it from invading the rest of the yard or the neighbors yard.
Other plants will provide screening more quickly and at lower cost than bamboo. Combining bamboo with other fast-growing shrubs or trees, perhaps with the intent of dividing the bamboo and removing some of the other plants later, may be a better strategy.
- Why is bamboo so expensive?
#5 cans range from $49.99 to $64.99, #15 cans from $100 - $150.00 and up. Bamboo is slow to propagate, as it is almost entirely grown by dividing parent plants. It takes a year or two to get a saleable plant that way, and you get far fewer plants than you do of plants propagated by seed or cuttings.
- Is it really possible to restrain running bamboo?
Yes, but you must monitor the grove each season to make sure it doesnt escape. No barrier system will contain bamboo by itself.
Barriers (usually made of 40 60 ml plastic) can be installed about 18" deep. Rhizomes have been measured plunging 4 deep to go under barriers. Angled outward, barriers will direct the rhizomes upward, so they can be easily snapped off. Runners primarily send out their rhizomes in spring, so check the perimeter of the grove in early summer. An open trench filled with rock can be an easy border to monitor. Bamboo will not grow very far into water, so a pond or water feature can contain it. Runners wont continue to grow into dry soil in the summer here, so drought can limit its spread.
- Can bamboo be grown indoors?
Not very easily. It wants very bright light, cannot tolerate drought, and is very prone to spider mites. There is usually a real shock as it goes from the nursery into your home due to the much lower light conditions. It would be best to make that transition gradually. Move it outside every week or so in the summer to wash off the foliage to manage the mites.
The indoor plant commonly called Lucky Bamboo is really a Dracaena. See below.
Want to call around? Here are some of our friends who also sell bamboo.....
Other sources
Sacramento region: |
Capital Nursery, three locations in Sacramento
Freeport Blvd 916-455-2601
Sunrise Blvd 916-961-3991
Elk Grove 916-684-2103 |
Bushnell Gardens Nursery in Granite Bay
916-791-4199 |
In the Bay Area: |
Bamboo Sourcery in Sebastopol
707-823-5866 |
Sequoyah Ridge Nursery in Occidental
707-874-1045 |
Or, you can download the Bamboo Source List of the American Bamboo Society (www.americanbamboo.org). The Source List has many mail order sources listed. If you join ABS, you will receive the Source List annually, as well as the bi-monthly magazine BAMBOO.
Other Plants Called Bamboo
Bamboo is so popular that plants which superficially
resemble it often have 'bamboo' in the common name
What is...
"Lucky
Bamboo?"
Dracaena sanderana, a house plant in the Agave family. Give it bright light, average soil.
Although it can be kept pretty dry when grown in normal potting soil, this
plant's amazing endurance when it is grown simply as rooted cuttings in water
and pebbles has made it very popular. Wash the foliage every couple of weeks to
manage spider mites.
|
"Heavenly bamboo?"
Nandina domestica, a
very useful evegreen landscape shrub in the Barberry family. Tolerates sun or
shade. Foliage hardy to 10°F, plant resprouts from 5°F. Winter brings bright
red leaf color, orange berries. Many cultivars, ranging from 6" to 10'.
|
Giant Reed?
Arundo donax, an invasive plant that was introduced into
California from the Mediterranean. Often mistaken for a bamboo.
In the grass family, but unlike bamboo it reseeds
prolifically and is displacing native vegetation in many parts of the state.
Also cultivated to make reeds for oboes. Variegated form is sometimes sold as
an accent plant for water gardens.
|
Bamboo Muhly?
Muhlenbergia dumosa,
native to Arizona and northern Mexico. Beautiful ornamental evergreen
clump-forming grass to 3 – 6' with a soft, mounding habit reminiscent of Bambusa
multiplex, and foliage somewhat like an Otatea. Probably hardy to 20°F.
Bamboo Palm?
Chamaedorea seifrizii,
also called Reed Palm.
Mexican native, one of the most
common indoor palms. Very tolerant of low light, but also fine in bright indoor
light. Palms need even moisture and a fast-draining soil. Best soil mix is
regular potting soil with additional pumice or perlite, or just use a cactus
soil mix. Hardy outdoors only in frost-free areas. Wash off every week or so to
manage spider mites.
© 2009 Don Shor, Redwood Barn Nursery, Inc., 1607 Fifth Street, Davis, Ca 95616
www.redwoodbarn.com
|